"The Giver",and its Literary Elements

I agree that literary elements occur in the novel "The Giver" and one I see is Foreshadow. Foreshadow is almost like predicting what will happen later on in the story. On page 24,Jonas,the main character, and his friend Asher were tossing an apple back and forth. Jonas noticed that the apple was changing in mid-air"Well this was the part that he couldn't understand -the apple had change". The apple foreshadows change in the future,something strange will happen to Jonas. Another foreshadow is Jonas' new rules,rule number seven states that he may not "apply for release". It gets one thinking, "Is training really that painful?" "Were other "Givers" released or applied for release because it was too vigorous?"